What types of materials are available for ceramic blades?

The progress of ceramic insert materials is focused on improving the performance of traditional ceramic materials for cutting tools, refining the grain, compounding components, using coatings, improving the sintering process and developing new products, in order to obtain high temperature resistance, wear resistance and anti-blade performance and can adapt to the needs of high-speed cutting. Henan Institute of Superabrasives ceramic tool materials can be broadly divided into alumina, silicon nitride and boron nitride (cubic boron nitride tools) three categories. In the field of metal cutting, alumina ceramic inserts and silicon nitride ceramic inserts together known as ceramic inserts; in inorganic non-metallic materials science, cubic boron nitride materials are classified as ceramic materials in a large category. The following are the characteristics of the three types of ceramics.

(1) silicon nitride (Si3N4) based ceramic tools: is in the silicon nitride matrix to add an appropriate amount of metal carbide and metal and other composite reinforcing agent, the use of composite reinforcing effect (also known as dispersion strengthening effect) made of a ceramic. It is characterised by high hardness, good wear resistance, good heat resistance and oxidation resistance, low chemical reaction between silicon nitride and carbon and metal elements, and low friction factor. It is suitable for fine turning, semi-finishing turning, fine milling or semi-finishing milling.

(2) boron nitride ceramics (cubic boron nitride tools): high hardness, wear resistance, good heat resistance, good thermal stability, good thermal conductivity, lower coefficient of friction, small coefficient of linear expansion. Such as the Hualing cubic boron nitride tool BN-S20 grade for roughing hardened steel, BN-H10 grade grade for high-speed finishing hardened steel, BN-K1 grade for processing high hardness cast iron, BN-S30 grade for high-speed cutting gray cast iron are more than ceramic inserts to achieve good economic benefits.

(3) alumina (Al2O3) based ceramics: carbide system ceramics with Ni, Co, W, etc. as a bonding metal, can improve the bonding strength of alumina and carbide. Has good wear resistance, heat resistance, and its high temperature chemical stability is good, not easy and the mutual diffusion or chemical reaction between the iron elements, so alumina-based ceramic tool applications * wide range, suitable for steel, cast iron and its alloy high-speed cutting process; due to increased resistance to thermal vibration, can also be used for intermittent cutting conditions of milling or planing, but it should not be used to process aluminum, titanium and tantalum alloys, otherwise easy to produce chemical wear. Otherwise, it is easy to produce chemical wear.

At present, the development of ceramic tools in China is very rapid, and the level of research and development is comparable to the international level. Ceramic tools through the ceramic tool material components, preparation process and material design research can be maintained on the basis of high hardness, high wear resistance and red hardness, improve the toughness and impact resistance of the tool material, the preparation of suitable materials in line with the requirements of modern cutting technology. It realises "hard machining technology" and "dry cutting technology" with turning instead of grinding and improves the surface quality of the parts machined. The realisation of dry cutting has broad application prospects for controlling environmental pollution and reducing manufacturing costs.